Smaller dogs are known to have an increased risk of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression for doxorubicin, mitoxantrone and melphalan. This retrospective study aimed to determine if dogs less then 15 kg and less then 10 kg experienced greater degrees of myelosuppression following treatment with carboplatin chemotherapy compared with dogs ?15 kg. One hundred and one dogs treated with carboplatin for a variety of malignancies were retrospectively analysed. Eight dogs (61%) weighing less then 10 kg, three (38%) weighing 10 kg to less then 15 kg and 14 (17%) weighing ?15 kg experienced a grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Five dogs (38%) weighing less then 10 kg, two (25%) weighing 10 kg to less then 15 kg and 13 (16%) weighing ?15 kg experienced a grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia. Dogs less then 10 kg were significantly more likely to develop a grade 3 or 4 neutropenia following carboplatin than dogs ?10 kg (3.5 RR; 95% CI, 1.9-6.3; P less then .001). Dogs less then 15 kg were also significantly more likely to develop a grade 3 or 4 neutropenia than dogs ?15 kg (3 RR; 95% CI, 1.6-5.6; P = .004). Dogs less then 10 kg were significantly more likely to develop a grade 3 or 4 thrombocytopenia than those dogs ?10 kg (2.5 RR; 95% CI, 1.1-5.6; P = .006). Hospitalization was significantly more likely for dogs less then 10 kg vs ?10 kg (P = .014) as well as for dogs less then 15 kg vs ?15 kg (P = .039). This study demonstrates an increased risk of carboplatin-induced myelosuppression in dogs less then 15 kg, and particularly those less then 10 kg. This information should be considered by clinicians when making decisions regarding the initial carboplatin dose for smaller canine patients, especially those less then 15 kg.In many species, the negative effects of aversive stimuli are mitigated by social interactions, a phenomenon termed social buffering. In one form of social buffering, social interactions reduce the inhibition of brain cell proliferation during stress. Indirect predator stimuli (e.g., olfactory or visual cues) are known to decrease brain cell proliferation, but little is known about how somatic injury, as might occur from direct predator encounter, affects brain cell proliferation and whether this response is influenced by conspecific interactions. Here, we assessed the social buffering of brain cell proliferation in an electric fish, Apteronotus leptorhynchus, by examining the separate and combined effects of tail injury and social interactions. We mimicked a predator-induced injury by amputating the caudal tail tip, exposed fish to paired interactions that varied in timing, duration and recovery period, and measured brain cell proliferation and the degree of social affiliation. Paired social interaction mitigated the negative effects of tail amputation on cell proliferation in the forebrain but not the midbrain. Social interaction either before or after tail amputation reduced the effect of tail injury and continuous interaction both before and after caused an even greater buffering effect. Social interaction buffered the proliferation response after short-term (1 d) or long-term recovery (7 d) from tail amputation. This is the first report of social buffering of brain cell proliferation in a non-mammalian model. Despite the positive association between social stimuli and brain cell proliferation, we found no evidence that fish affiliate more closely following tail injury.Effective evaluation of millions of crop genetic stocks is an essential component of exploiting genetic diversity to achieve global food security. By leveraging genomics and data analytics, genomic prediction is a promising strategy to efficiently explore the potential of these gene banks by starting with phenotyping a small designed subset. Reliable genomic predictions have enhanced selection of many macroscopic phenotypes in plants and animals. However, the use of genomicprediction strategies for analysis of microscopic phenotypes is limited. Here, we exploited the power of genomic prediction for eight maize traits related to the shoot apical meristem (SAM), the microscopic stem cell niche that generates all the above-ground organs of the plant. With 435 713 genomewide single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we predicted SAM morphology traits for 2687 diverse maize inbreds based on a model trained from 369 inbreds. An empirical validation experiment with 488 inbreds obtained a prediction accuracy of 0.37-0.57 across eight traits. In addition, we show that a significantly higher prediction accuracy was achieved by leveraging the U value (upper bound for reliability) that quantifies the genomic relationships of the validation set with the training set. Our findings suggest that double selection considering both prediction and reliability can be implemented in choosing selection candidates for phenotyping when exploring new diversity is desired. In this case, individuals with less extreme predicted values and moderate reliability values can be considered. Our study expands the turbocharging gene banks via genomic prediction from the macrophenotypes into the microphenotypic space.Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a common phenomenon in bacteria that modulates expression of genes involved in uptake of alternative carbon sources. In the filamentous streptomycetes, which produce half of all known antibiotics, the precise mechanism of CCR is yet unknown. We report here that the ROK-family regulator Rok7B7 pleiotropically controls xylose and glucose uptake, CCR, development, as well as production of the macrolide antibiotics avermectin and oligomycin A in Streptomyces avermitilis. Rok7B7 directly repressed structural genes for avermectin biosynthesis, whereas it activated olmRI, the cluster-situated activator gene for oligomycin A biosynthesis. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/iberdomide.html Rok7B7 also directly repressed the xylose uptake operon xylFGH, whose expression was induced by xylose and repressed by glucose. Both xylose and glucose served as Rok7B7 ligands. rok7B7 deletion led to enhancement and reduction of avermectin and oligomycin A production, respectively, relieved CCR of xylFGH, and increased co-uptake efficiency of xylose and glucose.